Examining the Factors that Contribute to the Survival and Resilience of the Al-Shabaab Terrorist Organization

Author

Kevisha R. Kellar, The Graduate Center, City University of New YorkFollow

Date of Degree

6-2024

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

M.A.

Program

Political Science

Advisor

Peter Romaniuk

Subject Categories

International Relations | Political Science

Keywords

Counter-terrorism UNSC Somalia extremism insurgency recruitment

Abstract

This thesis explores the enduring threat posed by Al-Shabaab in Somalia, examining three primary factors contributing to its resilience: the mismanagement of international intervention, inadequate government oversight and resources, and Al-Shabaab’s ability to adapt to Somalia’s socio-political environment. These factors help Al-Shabaab foster direct and indirect relationships that allow the organization to survive. Through an analysis of Al-Shabaab’s organizational structure and strategies, this study sheds light on the exploitation of political, economic, and religious dynamics, and the complexity of combatting Al-Shabaab. Al-Shabaab’s manipulation of an Islamic identity is a political tool, that fosters business networks, aids in arms acquisitions, evades sanctions, and generates external support. Al-Shabaab uses Islam to portray itself as a defender of Muslim grievances; complicating counter-terrorism efforts, and garnering sympathy and supporters globally.

Central to understanding Al-Shabaab’s adaptability are the dimensions of clannism. Clannism in Somalia shapes the political climate. Addressing the dimensions of clannism necessitates that the international community and the Somali Federal Government address the historical grievances that encouraged the conflict in Somalia. By addressing historical grievances Somalia’s government can begin the process of building an environment of trust and inclusivity.

Based on the findings in this thesis, several recommendations emerge for counter-terrorism strategies that should address the grievances of Somali citizens and clans, while also addressing Somalia’s socio-political and economic struggles. Moreover, international intervention should focus on disrupting Al-Shabaab’s financial networks, strengthening governance in the region, and establishing reliable financial institutions are imperative. Combatting the threat of the Al-Shabaab regime is a multifaceted approach, and failure to address the challenges in combatting Al-Shabaab perpetuates instability, allowing Al-Shabaab to sustain its menacing presence.

Recommended Citation

Kellar, Kevisha R., "Examining the Factors that Contribute to the Survival and Resilience of the Al-Shabaab Terrorist Organization" (2024). CUNY Academic Works.
https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5776